BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//Frost Institute for Data Science & Computing - ECPv6.15.11//NONSGML v1.0//EN
CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
METHOD:PUBLISH
X-WR-CALNAME:Frost Institute for Data Science & Computing
X-ORIGINAL-URL:https://idsc.miami.edu
X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Frost Institute for Data Science & Computing
REFRESH-INTERVAL;VALUE=DURATION:PT1H
X-Robots-Tag:noindex
X-PUBLISHED-TTL:PT1H
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:America/New_York
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
TZOFFSETTO:-0400
TZNAME:EDT
DTSTART:20210314T070000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
TZOFFSETTO:-0500
TZNAME:EST
DTSTART:20211107T060000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
TZOFFSETTO:-0400
TZNAME:EDT
DTSTART:20220313T070000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
TZOFFSETTO:-0500
TZNAME:EST
DTSTART:20221106T060000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
TZOFFSETTO:-0400
TZNAME:EDT
DTSTART:20230312T070000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
TZOFFSETTO:-0500
TZNAME:EST
DTSTART:20231105T060000
END:STANDARD
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20220405T160000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20220405T170000
DTSTAMP:20260513T194138
CREATED:20220223T154028Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20230728T185725Z
UID:40764-1649174400-1649178000@idsc.miami.edu
SUMMARY:Meet a Data Scientist presents Shane Elipot 4/5
DESCRIPTION:The Meet a Data Scientist series is a chance to get up close and personal with top-level data science professionals. Join us for a talk with physical oceanographer and RSMAS professor Dr. Shane Elipot. A Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Ocean Sciences at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS)\, Dr. Elipot conducts research in physical oceanography—specifically in atmosphere-ocean interactions\, oceanic surface boundary layer dynamics\, and the changes of the global oceanic thermohaline circulation.  Dr. Elipot is also interested in the nature of oceanic and atmospheric observations\, and more generally in time series and covariance analyses of environmental data. \nThe purpose of the Meet a Data Scientist lecture series is to introduce our audience to the people behind the data\, their lives\, interests\, career choices\, their work\, and passion for how they can use data to solve grand challenges in their respective fields. Join us as we peer behind the curtain and meet the data scientist behind the data! This lecture series is co-sponsored by the Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) and is free and open to the public. \nRegister Now  |  Tuesday\, April 5\, 2022\, 4:00-5:00 PM via Zoom\nTALK TITLE:  “An Ocean of Data”\nOcean currents are important because they transport freshwater\, salt\, heat\, and CO2\, and thus are an integral part of the mechanics of the Earth’s climate. Ocean currents also transport organisms\, nutrients\, and pollutants such as plastics\, and are thus a main driver of variability for marine ecosystems and resources accessible to humans. Yet ocean currents are challenging to observe\, and therefore difficult to predict\, because the ocean is set in motion on a wide range of temporal and spatial scales\, from seconds to millennia\, and from millimeters to the circumference of the Earth. For this talk\, Dr. Elipot will present some of his previous\, ongoing\, and future research projects that are concerned with gathering real or simulated ocean current data and deciphering their roles in our climate system. \nAbout Shane\nDr. Elipot received his PhD in Oceanography from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California\, San Diego in 2006. In 2007-2008\, Dr. Elipot was a National Research Council postdoctoral research fellow at the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory in Miami\, Florida. In 2009\, he joined the UK National Oceanography Center in Liverpool as a physical oceanographer. In 2013\, Dr. Elipot returned to Miami at the Rosenstiel School first as a scientist\, then as a research professor starting in 2019. Dr. Elipot’s research is focused on using in situ observations and model outputs to understand the kinematics and dynamics of ocean currents\, from small-scale mixing processes associated with tides to the global oceanic circulation. \n 
URL:https://idsc.miami.edu/idsc-event/meet-a-data-scientist-presents-shane-elipot-4-5/
LOCATION:Zoom (online)
CATEGORIES:Lecture
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsc.miami.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Shane-Elipot-provided-photo-extended-730x350-1.jpg
ORGANIZER;CN="Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing":MAILTO:idsc@miami.edu
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20220407T160000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20220407T170000
DTSTAMP:20260513T194138
CREATED:20220216T184135Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20230728T185739Z
UID:40623-1649347200-1649350800@idsc.miami.edu
SUMMARY:Data Citizens Lecture Series presents Hillary Leone and Daniel Bor 4/7
DESCRIPTION:Join us for another “Data Citizens: A Distinguished Lecture Series” talk featuring multidisciplinary artist Hillary Leone in a conversation with University of Cambridge neuroscientist Daniel Bor that will explore how they are using data to create art and advance science. Data Citizens: A Distinguished Lecture Series is an ongoing course of in-depth talks by experts in the field of data science on a wide variety of topics including data visualization\, big data\, artificial intelligence\, and predictive analytics. \nThe Data Citizens lecture series is co-sponsored by the Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI). This lecture is sponsored by the UM Department of Interactive Media and the Ribeiro Innovation Fund Speaker Series\, and is free and open to the public. \nRegister Now  | Thursday\, April 7\, 2022\, 4:00-500 PM\nTALK TITLE:  Data at the Intersection of Art and Science \nSynch.Live is a participatory art experience designed to mobilize our human instinct to cooperate\, and an open technology research framework that will allow scientists to study collective behavior. The work takes inspiration from emergent systems in nature like flocking birds or swarming ants that work together to create something greater than the sum of their parts. Emergence is incredibly broad in scope\, capturing the creation of galaxies\, intelligent behavior in ants\, economics\, ecosystems\, and conscious brains. Recent advances in information theory have allowed three of Synch.Live’s collaborating scientists\, with colleagues\, to develop an algorithm to quantify emergence. In Synch.Live\, we use the algorithm behind-the-scenes to measure how emergent the group as a whole becomes. While the algorithm is tested\, our application—measuring emergent behavior among humans – is radically new. Each instance of the game will generate anonymized tracking data which will become raw material for 2D and 3D artwork and research data for scientists studying collective behavior. \n  \nAbout Hillary Leone \nHillary Leone is an internationally recognized multidisciplinary artist and award-winning digital creative who works at the intersection of art\, science\, technology\, and social impact. Leone’s artwork\, known for interrogating language and systems of meaning\, has been exhibited in North America\, South America\, Europe\, Asia\, and Australia and featured in the Whitney Biennial. Recent work includes her project on emergence with a team of UK-based scientists that blends cutting-edge research in information theory with experiential art. As an artist/entrepreneur\, Leone has directed more than a hundred projects across digital\, video\, animation\, and experiential. She has received numerous grants and awards and has taught and lectured widely. She received her BA in Semiotics and English and American Literature from Brown University; her BFA in Art from California Institute of the Arts; and attended the Whitney Museum Independent Study Program in Studio Art. \n  \nAbout Daniel Bor \nDaniel Bor is a neuroscientist based at the University of Cambridge and Queen Mary University of London. He received his BA in psychology and philosophy from Oxford University\, in 1997\, and his PhD in neuroscience from Cambridge University in 2002. He has published research in various fields\, including how the brain processes consciousness\, attention\, memory and intelligence\, and the extent that mental training can boost cognitive performance\, or even change how we perceive the world.  He is the author of a general audience book on consciousness science\, ‘The Ravenous Brain’\, which was chosen as a best book of 2012 in the Wall Street Journal\, and the September main selection at Scientific American Book Club. He also co-wrote the popular science book\, ’30 Second Brain’. He has written articles for various popular magazines\, including Scientific American Mind\, New Scientist\, Slate\, and Wired UK. He has also appeared on various radio shows and has given many public talks. \n  \n 
URL:https://idsc.miami.edu/idsc-event/data-citizens-lecture-series-presents-hillary-leone-and-daniel-bor-4-7/
LOCATION:Zoom (online)
CATEGORIES:Data Citizens
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsc.miami.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/SL-key-image-copy-730x350-1.jpg
ORGANIZER;CN="Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing":MAILTO:idsc@miami.edu
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20220419T160000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20220419T170000
DTSTAMP:20260513T194138
CREATED:20220406T194744Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20230728T185753Z
UID:41332-1650384000-1650387600@idsc.miami.edu
SUMMARY:Data Citizens presents NIST's Dr. Ram Sriram 4/19
DESCRIPTION:Join us for another cutting-edge lecture as Ram D. Sriram\, PhD\, Chief of the Software and Systems Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST) IT Lab\, takes a look at the third wave of AI combining neural networks and knowledge structures and how it is impacting his health care research at NIST. \nData Citizens: A Distinguished Lecture Series is an ongoing course of in-depth talks by experts in the field of data science on a wide variety of topics including data visualization\, big data\, AI\, and predictive analytics. The Data Citizens lecture series is co-sponsored by the Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) and is free and open to the public. \nRegister Now | Free\nTuesday\, April 19\, 2022| 4:00-5:00 PM IN PERSON or via ZOOM\nRichter Library\, 3rd Floor Conference Room\n1300 Memorial Drive\, Room #343\, Coral Gables\, FL 33146\nMap\, Directions\, and Parking Information \nTALK TITLE:  ”Transforming Health Care Through Artificial Intelligence Revolutions”\nArtificial Intelligence (AI) is concerned with the development of computer programs that emulate the intelligence of humans\, i.e.\, AI is deeply concerned with the understanding of human problem-solving strategies and incorporating (or simulating) these strategies into computer programs. Since the 1950s\, when the term AI was coined\, there has been considerable progress in this area. The 1980s was dominated with the rise of knowledge-based systems\, which is also called “the first wave.” Advancements in computer hardware facilitated multilayered neural networks\, which led to significant improvements in machine learning for certain classes of problems in 2000s. This was the “second wave.” Now\, we are witnessing the “third wave\,” which will include a combination of neural networks and knowledge structures. In the talk\, I will provide a brief overview of AI methods and discuss how these methods can be used to address problems in health care. AI Topics will include: the derivation-formation spectrum of problem solving\, knowledge-based expert systems\, neural networks and other machine learning techniques. I will also discuss several current projects at NIST\, and will address some challenges for the future. \nABOUT RAM D. SRIRAM\nRam D. Sriram\, PhD\, is currently the chief of the Software and Systems Division\, Information Technology Laboratory\, at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. \nBefore joining the Software and Systems Division\, Dr. Sriram was the leader of the Design and Process group in the Manufacturing Systems Integration Division\, Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory\, where he conducted research on standards for interoperability of computer-aided design systems. \nPrior to joining NIST\, he was on the engineering faculty (1986-1994) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and was instrumental in setting up the Intelligent Engineering Systems Laboratory. \nDr. Sriram has co-authored or authored more than 275 publications\, including several books\, and was a founding co-editor of the International Journal for AI in Engineering. \nDr. Sriram has received several awards including:\n• NSF’s Presidential Young Investigator Award (1989)\n• ASME Design Automation Award (2011)\n• ASME CIE Distinguished Service Award (2014)\n• Washington Academy of Sciences’ Distinguished Career in Engineering Sciences Award (2015)\n• ASME CIE division’s Lifetime Achievement Award (2016)\n• CMU CEE Lt. Col. Christopher Raible Distinguished Public Service Award (2018)\n• IIT Madras Distinguished Alumni Award (2021) \nDr. Sriram is a Fellow of AAIA\, AIBME\, ASME\, AAAS\, IEEE\, INCOSE\, SMA\, and the Washington Academy of Sciences. He is a Distinguished Member (life) of ACM and Senior Member (life) of AAAI. \nDr. Sriram has a B.Tech. from IIT\, Madras\, India\, and an M.S. and a Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University\, Pittsburgh\, Pennsylvania\, USA.
URL:https://idsc.miami.edu/idsc-event/data-citizens-ram-sriram/
LOCATION:Richter Library\, 1300 Memorial Drive\, Coral Gables\, Florida\, 33146\, United States
CATEGORIES:Data Citizens,Lecture
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsc.miami.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ram-SriRam-730x350-1.jpg
ORGANIZER;CN="Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing":MAILTO:idsc@miami.edu
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20220426T160000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20220426T170000
DTSTAMP:20260513T194138
CREATED:20220222T200429Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220411T161034Z
UID:40445-1650988800-1650992400@idsc.miami.edu
SUMMARY:IDSC Fellows Capstone Event 4/26
DESCRIPTION:From endangered whales to Alzheimer’s disease\, concrete durability\, and the brain-computer interface\, four University of Miami graduate students are applying advanced data science and computing tools to their multidisciplinary research projects selected for the IDSC Fellows Program for the 2021-22 academic year.  \nTuesday\, April 26\, 2022 | 3:00-5:00 PM \nThis hybrid event is free and open to the public. Attend virtually via Zoom aor in person at the University of Miami Coral Gables campus\, Gables One Tower building\, 1320 S Dixie Hwy\, Training Room 639 (6th floor)\, Coral Gables\, FL 33146. Free guest parking available through US1 front entrance.  Map + Directions \nRegister Now\n  \n  \nThe 2021-2022 IDSC Fellows\, Ashley Cook\, Julian Dallmeier\, Kevin Davis\, and Mingyue Wu have been working closely with multiple mentors—from their field plus an IDSC faculty mentor—to develop their computational skills and expand their research experience for their capstone spring symposium presetations. \n“Our goal is to inspire a new generation of leaders in data science to cross traditional boundaries of disciplines\,” said Giannina Bianchi\, IDSC’s Engagement and Outreach Manager\, who introduced the new IDSC Fellows at a December 7\, 2021 webinar launch event. “Through IDSC they will have access to our advanced computer resources in their research.” \nHere are the projects of the four students\, who constitute the eighth cohort for the IDSC Fellows Program: \n  \nCetacean Acoustics  |  Ashley Cook\nAs a doctoral student in the Marine Biology and Ecology program at the Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)\, Ashley Cook is studying cetacean acoustics to detect Rice’s whales\, an endangered species in the DeSoto Canyon off Florida’s west coast. \n“With fewer than 100 Rice’s whales remaining\, we need to learn more about their location and activities in their primary habitat\,” said Cook. Currently\, there are 17 hydrophone sites in the region that detect the “long moans and downsweep trains” of the whales and generate recordings. However\, it is not feasible to manually review the recordings to identify individual animals—particularly against background noises such as passing ships. \nFor her project\, “Detection of Rice’s Whale Calls in the Gulf of Mexico Using Passive Acoustic Data and Deep Learning\,” Cook plans to develop a call detector for this baleen whale species that could also be applied to other long-term acoustic datasets. \nCook’s mentors are \n\nElizabeth Babcock\, PhD  |  Professor\, Department of Marine Biology and Ecology\, RSMAS\nMelissa Soldevilla\, PhD\, who leads the Passive Acoustic Monitoring program for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Fisheries.\nGang Ren\, PhD | IDSC AI + Machine Learning  | Research Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science\nMitsunori Ogihara\, PhD  |  Professor\, Department of Computer Science  |  Director\, IDSC Workforce Development and Education  |  Cooper Fellow\, College of Arts and Sciences  |  Site Director\, NSF University of Miami CARTA\n\n  \nAlzheimer’s Disease Pathology  |  Julian Dallmeier\nA neuroscience doctoral student\, Julian Dallmeier hopes to gain new insights into Alzheimer’s disease by studying patterns in brain tissues. “Being named an IDSC Fellow is a great honor\,” he said. “This program is a great opportunity for young scientists to learn more about data science in their disciplines.” \nDallmeier will apply feature extraction and clustering algorithms to study hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid plaques—a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease—in his project\, “Spatial Clustering Analysis of Corpora Amylacea and Tau in the Hippocampus.” Using tissue samples from UM’s  Brain Endowment Bank\, Dallmeier will look at clustering patterns of plaque buildup and see if they can be correlated to genetic risk factors. \nDallmeier’s mentors are: \n\nWilliam Scott\, PhD  |  Professor\, and Vice-Chair for Education and Training\, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics |  Professor of Neurology and Public Health Sciences\, UM Miller School of Medicine  |  Faculty Member\, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (HIHG)  |  Executive Director\, UM Brain Endowment Bank\nMitsunori Ogihara\, PhD  |  Professor\, Department of Computer Science  |  Director\, IDSC Workforce Development and Education  |  Cooper Fellow\, College of Arts and Sciences  |  Site Director\, NSF University of Miami CARTA\n\n  \nBrain-Computer Interface  |  Kevin Davis\nKevin Davis\, an M.D./Ph.D. student in the Biomedical Engineering program\, will be applying IDSC’s Advanced Computing resources to improve the functions of an implanted brain-computer interface in a homebound patient with chronic cervical spinal cord injury. \n“By using machine learning and classification and regression algorithms\, I hope to expand the interface we have developed at the UM Brain + Machine Learning Lab\,” said Davis. “This could be of great potential benefits to patients with neurological injuries or disease.” \nDavis’s project\, “Expanding Functional Control of a Fully Implanted Brain-Computer Interface\,” involves capturing signals from the brain using a non-invasive technique called electroencephalography and sent to a computer on the patient’s wheelchair. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms would then be used to translate those commands from the brain into hand\, wrist\, and elbow movements. \nDavis’ mentors are: \n\nAbhishek Prasad\, PhD |  Associate Professor\, Department of Biomedical Engineering\, College of Engineering\nOdelia Schwartz\, PhD  |  Associate Professor\, Department of Computer Science\, College of Arts and Sciences  |  Director of Undergraduate Studies\, Secondary Faculty in Biology  |  Principal Investigator\, Brain + Machine Learning Lab\n\n  \nConcrete Durability  |  Mingyue Wu\nMingyue Wu\, a doctoral student in the Civil\, Architectural & Environmental Engineering Department\, is studying the problem of concrete “creep\,” which shortens the lifespan of structures. \n“Creep is the long-term deformation of concrete that is driven by sustained loads\,” said Wu. “We know that how nanoparticles move under that stress depends on the structure of the local environment\, but we don’t yet understand those patterns.” \nWu will apply machine learning techniques to molecular dynamics simulations in her project\, “The Role of Cement Nanostructure on the Creep Behavior or Concrete.” She hopes to identify insights that will significantly enhance concrete durability. \nHer mentors are: \n\nLuis Ruiz Pestana\, PhD  Assistant Professor\, Department of Civil\, Architectural\, and Environmental Engineering\, College of Engineering\nMelvin Ayala\, PhD  |  IDSC Systems and Data Engineering\, and Advanced Computing\n\n  \nStory by Richard Westlund \n 
URL:https://idsc.miami.edu/idsc-event/idsc-fellows-capstone-2022/
LOCATION:Zoom (online)
CATEGORIES:IDSC Fellows
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsc.miami.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IDSC-Fellows-Title-Slide-closing-730x350-1.jpg
ORGANIZER;CN="Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing":MAILTO:idsc@miami.edu
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20220428T160000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20220428T170000
DTSTAMP:20260513T194138
CREATED:20220316T215025Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220324T184225Z
UID:41047-1651161600-1651165200@idsc.miami.edu
SUMMARY:Meet A Data Scientist Lecture Series Presents Amanda Myers 4/28
DESCRIPTION:The Meet a Data Scientist series is a chance to get up close and personal with top-level data science professionals. Join us for a talk with Dr. Amanda Myers\, Principal Investigator of the Laboratory for Functional Neurogenomics\, with co-appointments in the Division of Neuroscience\, the Department of Human Genetics and Genomics\, and the Center on Aging.  \nTALK TITLE:  The Human Brainome: Genome\, Transcriptome\, Proteome and Phenome Interaction in Human Cortex \nDr. Myers’ hypothesis is that changes in gene and protein expression are crucial to the development of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Previously she examined how DNA alleles control the downstream expression of RNA transcripts and how those relationships are changed in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Dr. Myers has examined how proteins are incorporated into networks in two separate series and evaluated her outputs in two different cell lines. This lecture will present both the data pipeline as well as the outcomes from these studies. At the conclusion of this discussion\, participants will be able to interpret the concepts behind expression quantitative trait loci analysis\, compare the differences between single-target eQTL and network effects analysis\, and describe new Alzheimer’s risk targets and the evidence for their nomination. \nRegister Now |  Thursday\, April 28\, 4:00-5:00 PM via Zoom\n  \nAbout Meet a Data Scientist \nThe Meet a Data Scientist Lecture Series is a chance to get up-close and personal with top-level experts in a wide variety of fields that use data science.  The purpose of this series is to introduce the people behind the data\, their lives\, interests\, career choices\, their work\, and their passion for how they use data to solve grand challenges in their respective fields.  Join us as we peer behind the curtain and meet the data scientists behind the data! This lecture series is co-sponsored by the Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) and is free and open to the public. \n  \nAbout Amanda \nDr. Amanda Myers has been studying neuroscience since 1993 and human neurogenetics since 1995. \nShe received her PhD (“The search for novel loci involved in late onset Alzheimer’s disease”) from Washington University in St Louis in May of 2002. While at Washington University\, she won a John Merlie Fellowship\, an Alzheimer’s Disease Director’s Education Award\, and was a finalist for the O’Leary Prize for outstanding research in neuroscience. \nShe performed her postdoctoral fellowship in the Laboratory of Neurogenetics at the National Institute of Health under the supervision of Dr. John Hardy and was funded by the National Academy of Sciences during that time. She was nominated for a distinguished mentor award during her postdoctoral work. \nDr. Myers has received support from the National Institute on Aging\, the National Institute of Mental Health\, the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke\, and the State of Florida. Her current research involved looking at transcript and protein expression in the cortex and how that is potentially controlled by DNA variants both in normal and Alzheimer’s disease brains. \n  \nDisclosure:  Dr. Myers has indicated that she has no relevant financial relationship with commercial interests.
URL:https://idsc.miami.edu/idsc-event/meet-a-data-scientist-lecture-series-presents-amanda-myers-4-28/
LOCATION:Zoom (online)
CATEGORIES:Data Science
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://idsc.miami.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Amanda-Myers-730x350-1.jpg
ORGANIZER;CN="Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing":MAILTO:idsc@miami.edu
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR